繼章節2,這篇繼續聊聊食用含有多酚的野櫻莓有哪些健康益處吧~


多酚的作用
·心臟保護作用:大量研究表明,食用多酚可以限制冠心病的發病率[1][2][3]。動脈粥樣硬化是一種慢性炎癥性疾病,發生在中型動脈的病變易發區域。動脈粥樣硬化病變可能存在并在臨床上無聲數十年,然后變得活躍并產生病理狀況,例如急性心肌梗死、不穩定型心絞痛或心源性猝死。多酚是LDL 氧化的有效抑制劑,這種類型的氧化被認為是動脈粥樣硬化發展的關鍵機制[4]。多酚可能預防心血管疾病的其他機制是抗氧化、抗血小板、抗炎作用以及增加高密度脂蛋白和改善內皮功能[5]。多酚也可能有助于穩定動脈粥樣硬化斑塊。
·抗癌作用:多酚對人類癌細胞是有保護的作用,并誘導腫瘤數量或抑制其生長[6]。這些影響已在不同部位觀察到,包括口腔、胃、十二指腸、結腸、肝臟、肺、乳腺或皮膚。許多多酚,如槲皮素、兒茶素、異黃酮、木脂素、黃烷酮、鞣花酸、紅酒多酚、白藜蘆醇和姜黃素;它們都在某些模型中顯示出保護作用,盡管發現它們的作用機制不同[7]。
·抗糖尿病作用:許多研究報道了多酚的抗糖尿病作用。茶兒茶素的抗糖尿病潛力已被研究[8][9]。
多酚可能通過不同的機制影響血糖,包括抑制葡萄糖在腸道中的吸收或外周組織的吸收。以麥芽糖作為葡萄糖來源,觀察到10 mg/kg 飲食劑量的二乙酰化花青素(diacetylated anthocyanins)的降糖作用,但未觀察到蔗糖或葡萄糖[10]。這表明這些作用是由于腸道粘膜中α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制。還觀察到兒茶素在約 50 mg/kg 飲食中對大鼠 α-淀粉酶和蔗糖酶的抑制作用。
·抗衰老作用:研究表明,水果和蔬菜中發現的抗氧化/抗炎多酚化合物的組合可能顯示出抗衰老化合物的功效[11][12]。
被稱為花青素的類黃酮亞群在顏色鮮艷的水果中特別豐富,例如漿果、康科德葡萄和葡萄籽。花青素是水果顏色的原因,它們已被證明具有強大的抗氧化/抗炎活性,以及抑制脂質過氧化和炎癥介質環加氧酶 (COX)-1 和 -2[13]。
·神經保護作用:由于多酚本質上具有高度抗氧化性,因此食用它們可能會為神經系統疾病提供保護。據觀察,與飲酒較少或根本不喝酒的人相比,每天喝三到四杯葡萄酒的人患癡呆和阿爾茨海默病的幾率降低了80%[14]。研究發現,每周至少食用 3 次含有高濃度多酚的水果和蔬菜,可能在延緩阿爾茨海默病眾發揮重要作用[15]。因為水果和蔬菜中的多酚會影響和調節多種細胞過程,如信號傳導、增殖、細胞凋亡、氧化還原平衡和分化。
除此之外,多酚還顯示出其他幾種有益健康的影響。其中包括膳食多酚在治療哮喘方面起到預防作用[16]。
茶中存在的多酚,當口服或局部使用時,可以改善紫外線照射后的不良皮膚反應,包括皮膚損傷、紅斑和脂質過氧化[17]。紅茶多酚有助于腸道對礦物質的吸收,并具有抗病毒活性[18]。

文獻
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